These cattle were indigenous and cross (Friesian X zebu). (PCR). Results: Of 150 samples, 11 (7.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1-5.5) were positive for spp. piroplasms in the blood smears, 70 (46.7%, 95% CI: 35.7-57.7) were positive for antibodies in the IFAT, and of 100 samples, 39 (39%, 95% CI: 46.6-31.4) were positive for using PCR. The prevalence of was higher in indigenous breed than cross cattle by the three diagnostic techniques. The highest prevalence of was recorded among cattle older than 3 years old. There were three genera and ten species of ticks found feeding on cattle. These were was found in very low numbers, suggesting other ticks may play a role in the transmission of the disease. Molecular characterization of is recommended for accurate mapping of the disease and evaluates the magnitude problem of tropical theileriosis in South Darfur region. that is transmitted to cattle by ixodid ticks of genus [3]. Two stages in the life cycle of the MC-976 parasite are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. These are schizont in mononuclear cells of the reticuloendothelial system and intraerythrocytic piroplasm [4]. The disease occurs in a wide zone of Africa, Southern Europe, and a large a part of Asia [5]. It is the most important TBDs in Northern Sudan, with 14% of cattle in this region are infected with infection in the region using IFA test (IFAT). Limited studies were conducted to determine parasitological, serological, and molecular prevalence of MMP2 tropical theileriosis in South Darfur State. The objective of this study was to determine parasitological, serological, and molecular level prevalence of tropical theileriosis among dairy cattle in Nyala, South Darfur State, Sudan. Moreover, an update distribution status of ticks species infesting cattle in Nyala, South Darfur State, was provided. Materials and Methods Ethical approval The study reported here was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the standard operating procedures of the University of Nyala. We confirm that the samples were collected after receiving specific approval from animal owners. Study MC-976 area This study was carried out in Nyala, South Darfur State. It is located in western parts of the Sudan and lies between latitudes 830 to 13N and longitudes 2315to 28E (Physique-1). Seven locations along the city were selected, these were Museah in the East-South, Al shabi and Karary (South), Al gabal (East), Alseraif (South-west), Almawashi (North), and Algeer (West). Open in a separate window Physique-1 Map Sudan (top) showing South Darfur State and map of South Darfur State showing Nyala city. Collection of samples In each location, samples were collected from apparently healthy cattle from eight farms that were set apart. The samples (n=150) collected were blood smears, serum, and whole blood in EDTA as well as ticks. The breeds of cattle were indigenous (Butana and Kenana) and cross (Zebu X Friesian). Age groups were 1 year old, between 1 and 3 years old, and more than 3 MC-976 years old. Blood smears examination Blood smears were stained with 10% Giemsas stain and examined under 100 oil immersion objective using light microscope for the presence of spp. piroplasms. At least 50 microscopic fields were examined, and the presence of one or more piroplasm was considered positive. IFAT MC-976 IFAT was carried out for the detection of antibodies in the serum samples as described by FAO [11]. Negative and positive control sera were provided by the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Soba, Sudan. Examinations of the stained slides were carried out under 40 objective using Olympus Vanox incident-light excitation fluorescent microscope (Japan). Molecular detection DNA extraction from whole blood samples DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer instructions. For quality assessment, 5 l of extracted DNA was analyzed on.